This year’s Nobel Prize in chemistry goes to Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel. The Royal Swedish Adacemy of Sceinces says their research in the 1970s helped scientists develop programs that unveil chemical processes such as the purification of exhaust fumes or the photosynthesis in green leaves. Karplus, a U.S. and Austrian citizen is affiliated with the University of Strasbourg, France, and Harvard University. Levitt is a British and Israeli citizen and a professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Warshel is a U.S. and Israeli citizen affiliated with the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. The Nobel Prize for Literature will be awarded Thursday and the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday.